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Edward III’s Main Argument
Edward III first based his claim on the idea that he was the closest male relative to the last French king who could inherit...
The French Royal Family
To understand this claim, we must look at the royal family of France. King Philip IV of France, also known as Philip the Fair,...
Background of the Conflict
During the reign of King Edward II of England, there was another attempt by France to weaken English control over Aquitaine. This situation was...
Infant Mortality in Bulgaria (1944–1977)
Infant mortality is an important measure of a country’s health and social conditions. In the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, significant progress was made in...
Infant Mortality and Maternal Health
Since the Socialist Revolution, Bulgaria has made great progress in infant and maternal health. The infant mortality rate dropped from 144.5 per 1,000 live...
Control of Communicable and Parasitic Diseases
After the Socialist Revolution, Bulgaria organized a systematic and planned health program to control communicable and parasitic diseases. This program was managed by the...
Popularity of the “Unfading Rose” Theme
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Marian icons with themes such as the “Unfading Rose” became widely requested by buyers. Many of these icons...
Cretan and Italian Influence on Marian Icons
From the second half of the fifteenth century, painters from Crete and Italy frequently created images of the Virgin Mary that showed strong late-Gothic...
The Akathistos Hymn and Its Importance
The Akathistos hymn is an important liturgical poem in honor of the Virgin Mary. It consists of 24 stanzas, each corresponding to a letter...
Ottoman Trade and the World Economy
Between 1750 and 1815, the Ottoman Empire became increasingly connected to the world economy. By the second half of the nineteenth century, several factors...
